Climate and Energy Challenge projects address alternative energy and energy efficiency, challenges in climate dynamics and the effects of climate change on Earth’s ecosystems. Funded projects involve faculty from numerous departments at Princeton. Significant research advances to date include the discovery of fundamental controls on the ocean biosphere that will shape its response to climate change; the development of predictive modeling for plant water use and drought mortality; and the development of new diagnostics that would enable the low-emission, high-efficiency use of biofuels in transportation.